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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

Real-world use of telemedicine – a picture is worth a thousand words

Recent advances in mobile phone camera technology and app software design have allowed photos of patients and their wounds to be sent from any smartphone to a secure NHS database, which can then be accessed by the relevant clinician with...

Augmentation rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty refers to a procedure in plastic surgery in which the structure of the nose is changed by adding or removing bone or cartilage, grafting tissue from another part of the body, or implanting synthetic material to alter the shape...

Chronic telogen effluvium reversal using E. coli-derived cytokines and growth factors: a case report

Chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) is a condition where there is prolonged increased hair shedding, primarily affecting middle-aged women. Its exact cause is often unknown. In CTE, many hair follicles enter the resting phase prematurely due to various reasons, leading to...

Botulinum toxin and dermal filler treatment for facial deformity: an analysis of patient satisfaction

Dermal fillers and botulinum toxin are being increasingly used to treat facial deformities but are patients satisfied with the results? Facial deformity can result in low confidence and self-esteem amongst patients due to cosmetic and functional difficulties [1]. There is...

A new treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) [1] is defined as a collection of symptoms and signs mainly associated with the progressive decrease in oestrogen levels. The lack of hormones, usually produced by the ovaries in fertile age, may lead to genital...

Rediscovering the Lost Art of Endonasal Rhinoplasty

The invention of modern rhinoplasty by Joseph transformed our understanding of nasal anatomy and surgery. His endonasal technique soon spread from Europe to the USA and dominated the surgical culture of the 20th century. The excessive removal nasal support structures...

Overview of non-invasive treatments for submental fat reduction

Submental fat (SMF) is a growing aesthetic problem that is colloquially known as a ‘double chin’. It is a concern for both younger and older male and female patients. The 2017 American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Consumer Survey on Cosmetic...

Life after medicine

Our Editor, Andrew Burd, renowned burns surgeon, takes us on a fascinating journey from his early days as a medical student travelling in the USA through his search for scarless healing in the 1980s and finally to his current work...

A review of plasma medicine

The author investigates the efficacy and tolerability of plasma treatments and asks what the future might hold in this field. Plasma medicine, a new and revolutionary technology to aesthetics, utilises the physical process of sublimation for therapeutic purposes. Non-surgical clinical...

An overview of chemical peel formulations

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Chemical peels continue to be one of the most popular aesthetic treatments....