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PD-1 and PD-L1 in exenteration specimens

This is an immunohistochemical study looking at variation in the expression of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), comparing cutaneous malignancies which invaded the orbit with uncomplicated nodular basal cell carcinomas. The authors retrospectively...

Congenital ptosis and astigmatism

This is a review of the effect of congenital ptosis surgery on refractive error. Seventy-one eyes of 56 patients were reviewed. The unoperated eye in unilateral cases was used as the control group. The mean age at surgery was 5.1...

Submandibular haematoma with airway obstruction following a warfarin overdose

Submental and submandibular abscesses are frequent in oral and maxillofacial surgery; on the other hand submandibular haematomas are uncommon. However, we encountered a submandibular haematoma, initially masked as a Ludwig’s angina, which was compromising the airway of a warfarinised patient...

How I Do It - Using Nd:Yag laser for correction of vascular anomalies

Vascular anomalies are the most common lesions that can often lead to disfigurement of a child's appearance. Due to the complexity of diagnosis and individual specialists’ understanding of their pathological process, these young patients often undergo many unnecessary tests and...

A picture is worth a thousand words… communicating with your patients more effectively

Communicating information effectively with patients is essential yet often challenging. Plastic Surgeon Gavin Miller takes us through his approach to using online resources to make the process as effective as possible. Getting ideas across to other people isn’t always easy,...

Acid Survivors Trust International

The shocking acid attack on two British nationals in Zanzibar in August 2013 drew attention to a little known and under-reported form of interpersonal violence. Acid attack is a particularly vicious form of a premeditated assault, where acid is thrown,...

An overview of chemical peel formulations

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Chemical peels continue to be one of the most popular aesthetic treatments....

OPINION - Raising awareness of the dangers of local anaesthetic misuse in aesthetic procedures

This article will explore local anaesthesia (LA) and how its misuse can have severe negative consequences. We will also look into how we can address this important issue and help make the industry safer for patients. In the last few...

Revirgination is not the same as hymenoplasty

The operation called hymenoplasty is requested by women all over the world before marriage if they have engaged in premarital sex. They think that by undertaking the procedure of hymenoplasty they will regain their lost virginity, a theory that is...

SMAS facelift plication technique to close large skin defects

Resection of skin lesions from the facial region is typically a straightforward procedure, yet the challenge arises in effectively closing the resulting deformity [1]. Surgeons frequently face hurdles, especially when the lesion occupies a restricted anatomical region with limited skin...

How I Do It - Laser-assisted submental liposuction

The author shares a low risk, minimally invasive procedure that offers excellent aesthetic results. Liposuction of the submental and jowl regions is a low risk outpatient procedure that gives a profound aesthetic result. Since the late 1960s, the techniques have...

How I Do It - Primary rejuvenation upper blepharoplasty – tips from an oculoplastic surgeon

Preoperative For me the preoperative stage is actually the most important part in the patient’s journey and can take much longer than the actual operation itself. It takes me about 45-60 minutes to assess, counsel and consent for a primary...