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Sentinel node biopsy in oral cancer

Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) is not new and is well established in the management of early breast cancer and melanoma. New trials such as the European Sentinel Node (SENT) trial and others sought to address the question of the clinical...

Emerging trends in the aesthetics of rhinoplasty: from local to global

The concept of ‘beauty’ can be bewildering in its scope and variation through time and geographical location. As the aim of facial plastic surgery consists of restoration of form and function, the definition of beauty takes on immense importance. Although...

Beautification or distortion? Tackling the lip augmentation phenomenon

The number of lip augmentation procedures performed continues to rise exponentially. The author provides a detailed discussion of the rise of this popular treatment with an overview of how injectable materials have evolved; from paraffin, liquid silicone and bovine collagen....

Rejuvenation of the forehead: correction of the frontal concavity

During the ageing process, many different anatomical changes contribute to the aged appearance of the face [1]. Focusing on the forehead, typical age-related changes are regression of the hairline, solar damage, skin laxity, dynamic wrinkles, reduction of fat and bone...

Rediscovering the Lost Art of Endonasal Rhinoplasty

The invention of modern rhinoplasty by Joseph transformed our understanding of nasal anatomy and surgery. His endonasal technique soon spread from Europe to the USA and dominated the surgical culture of the 20th century. The excessive removal nasal support structures...

How I Do It - Reduction ­thyroplasty

Introduction Male to female transgender patients often undergo reduction thyroplasty – a procedure to reduce the external appearance of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, and feminisation of the voice. Reduction thyroplasty, often erroneously called ‘tracheal shave’, is one of...

Progressive peri-orbital swelling over three years: a rare complication of HA dermal filler injection treated successfully by hyaluronidase

The term ‘tear trough’ was first introduced by Flowers in 1969 to describe the deformity that leads to lower eyelid depression. It was proposed that the defect was due to a muscular defect between the angular head of the quadrates...

History of fat grafting

Fat grafting was first described in 1893 by Gustav Neuber, who transplanted adipose tissue from the arm to the orbit to correct depressed scars resulting from osteomyelitis. In 1895, Czerny reported excising a lipoma and grafting it into a breast...

Nutraceuticals and skin health

An interesting discussion on the evidence surrounding nutraceuticals. The author describes nutracosmetics to be one of the fastest growing subsections of the nutraceutical industry. A comprehensive analysis of topical and dietary antioxidant protection is conveyed with conclusive evidence to demonstrate...

Classification and assessment of midfacial fractures: no more Le Fort facial fractures

There is some evidence that severe or complex midfacial or orbital fractures have declined over the last decade. Interestingly there is also evidence of an increase in road traffic accidents but a decrease in facial injuries. This is possibly attributed...

The importance of nitric oxide in medicine

The harmful effects exerted upon living and injured tissues by free radicals have been explored since the 1980s. Now in 2021 the free radical nitric oxide (NO) is not just a figment of imagination; it is known as one of...

The importance of skin preparation

With both aesthetic procedures and antibiotic resistance on the rise, good skin disinfection to reduce the risk of infection is more vital than ever. Anna Baker takes us through the evidence behind commonly used skin preparation formulations for aesthetic injectable...