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Rejuvenation of the forehead: correction of the frontal concavity

During the ageing process, many different anatomical changes contribute to the aged appearance of the face [1]. Focusing on the forehead, typical age-related changes are regression of the hairline, solar damage, skin laxity, dynamic wrinkles, reduction of fat and bone...

The place of BoNT in TMD: review article and case report

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Over the last decade, there has been a great deal of interest...

Differences between compounded BHRT and conventional HRT

Can BHRT offer hope to women suffering from debilitating menopausal symptoms? Ruth Crofford, ‘the menopause nurse’, explores the evidence, safety issues and misconceptions around the therapy. Life expectancy for women in the UK is currently 80.96 years [1]. Females in...

Tranexamic acid and platelet rich plasma in the treatment of melasma: efficacy and safety

Melasma is a common, acquired, progressive, often symmetrical macular hypermelanosis that is usually localised on the face and more frequently on the forehead, upper lip, central and malar area of the face. It is triggered by a variety of factors,...

Melasma treatment – what have we achieved in 42 years?

Melasma is a hyperpigmentation disorder which has been the subject of intense research over the last 40 years. As yet no definitive therapeutic strategy has been demonstrated to eradicate it or to avoid relapse. The author provides an up to...

Rediscovering the Lost Art of Endonasal Rhinoplasty

The invention of modern rhinoplasty by Joseph transformed our understanding of nasal anatomy and surgery. His endonasal technique soon spread from Europe to the USA and dominated the surgical culture of the 20th century. The excessive removal nasal support structures...

Multidisciplinary approach to breast cancer conservation – therapeutic mammoplasty

Edinburgh-based plastic surgeon Ewa Majdak-Paredes provides us with a comprehensive review of therapeutic mammoplasty, a multidisciplinary approach to breast-conserving surgery with an emphasis on oncological safety and good aesthetic outcomes. Breast cancer Each year over 55,000 women in the UK...

Closed rhinoplasty Serdev techniques

Why is rhinoplasty so important? Facial beauty and harmony are dependent on correct aesthetic angles, volumes and proportions. The complex face is properly divided into three equal parts: forehead, nose, and lower part (where the upper lip forms a ratio...

The medial gastrocnemius flap

This classic muscle flap is now being used with increasing frequency following revision knee joint surgery. Following the Nahai and Mathes classification, the gastrocnemius muscle is a Type I muscle with a single dominant vascular pedicle (Figure 1). The gastrocnemius...

Augmentation rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty refers to a procedure in plastic surgery in which the structure of the nose is changed by adding or removing bone or cartilage, grafting tissue from another part of the body, or implanting synthetic material to alter the shape...

Contemporary aesthetic management strategies for deficient jaw angles

Facial aesthetics in the lower facial third is strongly influenced by mandibular profile with the mandibular angle playing an important role. The youthful appearance of a well-defined jaw line and angle, which is regularly seen among leading movie actors, is...