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Extensive bilateral fat necrosis of the breast associated with the Covid-19 vaccination

12 November 2025 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Breast Surgery, PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Imaging, PMFA - Oculoplastic
Fat necrosis can occur at any site in the body; the majority of cases are in the breast and are idiopathic. Other aetiologies include trauma, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), both cosmetic and therapeutic surgical procedures, autologous lipofilling of the...

The three stages of breast reconstruction

1 October 2014 | | PMFA - Breast Surgery
Breast cancer has become so common that most people reading this article will know someone (either professionally or personally) who has been affected by breast cancer. One of the most common treatments for breast cancer is removal of the ‘whole’...

HOW I DO IT - Er:YAG laser ablation for enhanced lesion removal

10 February 2026 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine
Ablative lasers, such as CO2 and Er:YAG, may be regarded as superior to traditional surgical techniques – elliptical excision, curettage, cautery and cryotherapy – because they provide greater precision and uniformity in lesion removal. This enhanced accuracy translates into improved...

Temporomandibular disorders – a surgeon’s view

1 August 2016 | | PMFA - Maxillofacial Surgery
The temporomandibular joint is unique, in that it has a fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc and has a ginglyomo-arthrodial action. The disc is designed to allow for the gliding movement down the posterior slope of the articular eminence with little, if any,...

The importance of nitric oxide in medicine

6 April 2021 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
The harmful effects exerted upon living and injured tissues by free radicals have been explored since the 1980s. Now in 2021 the free radical nitric oxide (NO) is not just a figment of imagination; it is known as one of...

Breast reconstruction – techniques from a plastic surgery perspective

3 October 2022 | | PMFA - CPD, PMFA - Breast Surgery, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery has positive physical and psychosocial health...

How I Do It - Scar treatment with sequential combination of short full beam and photo-acoustic fractional 1064nm QS laser

1 December 2022 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Wound healing takes place by two distinct mechanisms. The first involves cellular proliferation and migration resulting in regeneration. This occurs in the epidermis and leaves no scarring. The dermis is a collagen-rich connective tissue and when this is damaged the...

COVID-19: thoughts from an Edinburgh plastic surgeon

5 June 2020 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected almost every aspect of life. Ken Stewart, Consultant Plastic Surgeon and Special Advisor for The PMFA Journal, outlines for us how his own plastic surgery department has adapted to the crisis. What did you do...

OPINION - Influencers affect us all: but are they as good as we think?

16 May 2022 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Recently I was approached by the son of a 75-year-old lady for a second opinion on a large fungating malignant melanoma on the outer lateral aspect of her left thigh. She had noticed an enlarging 50p size pigmented lesion just...

Auricular reconstruction: star-pattern reconstruction

30 March 2022 | | PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
We describe our approach to straightforward reconstruction of the peripheral auricle using the established star-pattern design. Skin malignancies developing on the auricle continue to be regarded as high-risk lesions due to their propensity to recur and for lymphatic spread. Greater...

Is rhinoplasty still a plastic surgery procedure?

3 April 2025 | | PMFA - Rhinoplasty, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
As a result of the rationing of healthcare in the NHS and the treatment of nasal trauma by other specialties, there is anecdotal evidence that current plastic surgery trainees have less exposure to rhinoplasty procedures. This article explores the issue...

Xanthelasma

1 April 2014 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Although the lesion known as Xanthelasma was first described by Addison and Gall in 1851 [1] it was recorded some 300 years previously in the famous painting of the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. In this painting, Leonardo da...