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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...How I Do It - Using Nd:Yag laser for correction of vascular anomalies
Vascular anomalies are the most common lesions that can often lead to disfigurement of a child's appearance. Due to the complexity of diagnosis and individual specialists’ understanding of their pathological process, these young patients often undergo many unnecessary tests and...Facial nerve palsy and Facial Palsy UK
The term facial palsy is most commonly used to describe a paralytic lower motor neurone (LMN) dysfunction of the facial nerve. Upper motor neurone facial palsy, for example due to strokes and intra-cranial tumours, spares the forehead muscles and will...Medico-legal Forum (Botulinum toxin)
The PMFA Journal and Hamilton Fraser Cosmetic Insurance have teamed up to provide a series of articles that will give examples of claims that occur from different procedures. The case in question In 2014 a patient underwent treatment using abobotulinumtoxinA...The future of acne treatment is clear
As acne affects 742 million patients daily, an alarming 48% are unsatisfied with their current acne treatment [1,2]. But the landscape is changing with...
Modified subciliary approach to the orbital floor
Fractures involving the lateral midface and orbital floor are routinely treated by maxillofacial surgeons. The surgical management requires access to the facial skeleton to reposition and free the soft tissues. There are three main approaches to the orbital floor the...Treatment of facial subcutaneous fibrosis with hyaluronic acid
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare and chronic connective tissue disease (CTD)...
Is rib cartilage a safe material for rhinoplasty
This is a meta-analysis of complications associated with use of autologus costal cartilage in rhinoplasty involving 10 studies with 491 patients with a mean follow-up of 33 months. The results of the meta-analysis show a very low rate of complications...
How to measure functional outcome after nose surgery
The authors of this paper perform a systematic review of the literature on two of the most popular patient-reported measures for nasal obstruction, the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) and the visual analog scale (VAS). They compare pre and postoperative...
Distal edge necrosis in cervicofacial rotation-advancement flaps
Mohs facial reconstructive surgery can be a difficult process for a patient to undergo. The goal of facial reconstruction is to restore contour, function and aesthetics while minimising morbidity. The authors conducted a review of 88 patients who underwent cervicofacial...
A useful regional flap for head and neck reconstruction
This article explains the experience of the head and neck department of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with a seldom used regional flap, the supraclavicular artery (SCA) fasciocutaneous flap. This versatile flap is based on the supraclavicular artery, a...
