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Differences between compounded BHRT and conventional HRT

Can BHRT offer hope to women suffering from debilitating menopausal symptoms? Ruth Crofford, ‘the menopause nurse’, explores the evidence, safety issues and misconceptions around the therapy. Life expectancy for women in the UK is currently 80.96 years [1]. Females in...

Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 9) – Informed consent (i)

It is one year ago today that Justice Judianna Barnes sentenced Dr Mak Wan-ling to be incarcerated for three and half years for a crime she did not commit (see parts 1-4 of this blog).

How I Do It - Treating melasma and PIH

Melasma and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are among the most common skin disorders in society with prevalence of up to 50% in some populations. Melasma is more prevalent among females and also among those with darker skin types III–V on the...

We need to talk about amputation – a difficult conversation in the developing world

What do you do when a patient refuses amputation? The author shares various cases and outlines her team’s approach to this scenario in Gaza. What to do when a patient refuses amputation for a severely damaged lower limb that will...

Hydroquinone-induced hyperpigmentation: a case of exogenous ochronosis in a Hispanic patient

Achieving flawless skin as part of the desire to be perceived as ‘beautiful’ is a common sentiment shared by many cultures [1]. Of the many treatment options and products available on the market, the most common chemical agent to achieve...

Lips and the perioral area: anatomical considerations for safer and natural results

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, including lip augmentation using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers,...

Melasma treatment – what have we achieved in 42 years?

Melasma is a hyperpigmentation disorder which has been the subject of intense research over the last 40 years. As yet no definitive therapeutic strategy has been demonstrated to eradicate it or to avoid relapse. The author provides an up to...

Laser and light-based treatments for pigmented lesions

The authors detail the types of lasers and light-based devices that can be used in the treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmentations. Skin colour differences have, for centuries, been associated with the economic, political and social status of a person;...

Reconstruction of the Head and Neck - a defect-orientated approach

Head and neck reconstruction following removal of oncological disease or trauma is the most varied and challenging surgery performed in the world. Techniques range from rotational flaps to free tissue transfer and microvascular anastomosis. All are covered in this textbook....

Dental implant rehabilitation in fibula free flaps

The fibula free flap was first described in 1975 and since then has gone on to become the gold standard technique for reconstruction of longer spans in the mandible or maxilla. It is a reliable flap that affords good quality...

How I Do It - X neo-umbilicoplasty

Following an abdominoplasty the umbilicus is repositioned and inset into a new position. When healed it should have a natural appearance and in order to get this outcome it is necessary to understand what is ‘normal’. Several different morphological appearances...

Off-label cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in the lower face

Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) is commonly used as an off-label cosmetic modality to improve the ageing lower face and neck, and may be used as a single line treatment or in combination with other procedures, such as dermal fillers [1]....