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Non-surgical management of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease and non-melanoma skin cancer

1 December 2015 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are primary cutaneous neoplasms comprising mainly of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). In 2011, 102,628 cases of NMSCs (74% BCC and 23% SCC) were recorded in England, making NMSC the most common...

Immediate versus delayed post mastectomy breast reconstruction

1 April 2019 | | PMFA - Breast Surgery, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
The authors review and analyse the current literature comparing the psychosocial outcomes of immediate versus delayed post mastectomy breast reconstruction. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and has a lifetime incidence of one in nine. Mastectomy may...

A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

1 June 2023 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...

Clones and tigers

2 June 2014 |
Shortly after I qualified MB, ChB in 1963, I had a position in the pathology department of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. I was surprised to discover there that there was a word that I didn't know – ‘clone’. I did...

Clinical histopathology of 250 parotidectomy patients

9 June 2020 | | PMFA - Maxillofacial Surgery
This is a retrospective study of 250 consecutive parotidectomy patients at units in Belgium and the Netherlands. The sensitivity and specificity of FNAC was 64% and 99% respectively. The sensitivity being slightly lower than the often quoted 80%. MRI and...

Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 23a) – forensic snoring

21 April 2022 |
If a person is snoring that means they are breathing. If they are breathing and their skin is of a normal colour does that not suggest that they are oxygenating the tissues?

Melasma treatment – what have we achieved in 42 years?

1 April 2019 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Melasma is a hyperpigmentation disorder which has been the subject of intense research over the last 40 years. As yet no definitive therapeutic strategy has been demonstrated to eradicate it or to avoid relapse. The author provides an up to...

The aesthetic triangle: Analysis of lip prominence and clinical implications

3 October 2025 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Maxillofacial Surgery
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The lips constitute one of the most important facial aesthetic units. Due...

Reflections on the criticism of the criticism of the NHS

5 October 2017 |
Surfing my FB pages the other day I came across a link to a blog written by Dr Rachel Clarke, a Medical Writer, Feminist and Junior Hospital Doctor from Oxford. Rachel had written this in response to The Telegraph headline...

How I Do It - Treatment of pigmentation and melasma

6 April 2021 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Uneven tone and pigmentation disorders are frequent problems that motivate patients to seek help. The gold standard for treating the majority of these hyperpigmentation changes is the use of a picosecond laser, as the effect is predominantly photomechanical and photochemical,...

How I Do It - Sebum, science, and the 1726nm laser: Rethinking acne management in a post-antibiotic era

6 August 2025 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Acne vulgaris remains one of the most prevalent skin conditions worldwide, affecting up to 85% of adolescents and persisting into adulthood for a significant proportion of individuals. Conventional therapies – topical retinoids, oral antibiotics, hormonal agents, and isotretinoin – remain...

How I Do It - Combination Treatment – Frax Pro™ System with Cosmeceuticals

31 March 2023 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
The Frax Pro™ is a dual wavelength platform of non-ablative fractional laser technology encompassing the wavelengths 1550 and 1940nm, both in the mid infrared region. This produces tissue coagulation through microscopic zones which ultimately leads to a specific biological response...