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PD-1 and PD-L1 in exenteration specimens
This is an immunohistochemical study looking at variation in the expression of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), comparing cutaneous malignancies which invaded the orbit with uncomplicated nodular basal cell carcinomas. The authors retrospectively...
IgG4-related disease or Graves orbitopathy
This is a retrospective review of patients who had been diagnosed with both IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and Graves orbitopathy over a four-year period. Eight patients were identified. The diagnosis of IgG4-ROD was based on 10 or more IgG4+ plasma...
CD73 in aggressive basal cell carcinoma
This is a retrospective review looking at levels of CD73 in aggressive basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) that invade the orbit. Eleven patients who underwent orbital exenteration for invasion by BCCs were compared with 10 matched controls who had simple nodular...The patient journey in DIEP flap breast reconstruction
In the UK approximately 40,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year. About 40% of these need, or choose, to undergo mastectomy, where all of the breast tissue is removed. Currently around a third of these patients choose to...From PIP to DC-CIK to the Sorcerer’s Apprentice: a medico-political minefield
Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) was a French company that manufactured silicone breast implants that were surgically implanted mainly for cosmetic breast augmentation. Of note, ‘cosmetic’ is used in the strict sense of the word meaning false and artificial and does...A Timeline of Plastic Surgery
Where did the name ‘plastic’ surgery come from? It is probable that the first use of the term was by the German von Graefe in his book Rhinoplastik published in 1818. The intention was to describe the moulding of tissue...‘Rhinofiller’: non-surgical correction of the nose
Dr Agolli from Italy advocates the use of filler to quickly and easily achieve a non-surgical rhinoplasty without downtime for the patient. Cultural basis It is believed that Dante Alighieri was not a handsome man, probably because of his appearance,...Part three: Aye, Aye. AI?
I wonder whether we should use the term 'augmented intelligence' rather than 'artificial intelligence'. I say this because at this moment in our evolution, artificial intelligence (AI) always begins with human intelligence. In this blog, I want to examine how...Duration of botulinum toxin effects: Determining factors and practical recommendations
Botulinum toxin has become a popular drug in aesthetic dermatology and plastic surgery and is used to diminish wrinkles as well as for a number of medical indications. However, current reports suggest the loss of a therapeutic effect over a...Focus on: Cosmeceuticals (part 2 - continued)
The previous sections in this special focus (see Cosmeceuticals (part 2) and Skin anatomy and photoageing and Definitions, regulations and a review of the market) have covered skin anatomy, photoageing and cosmeceutical ingredients in detail. In this section I will...How I Do It - Facial peeling using retinol peel
An established body of literature acknowledges the efficacy and safety profile of retinoids (a family of compounds derived from vitamin A), in treating a variety of textural skin concerns, such as, coarseness, rhytides, pigmentation, enlarged pores, photodamage and inhibition of...
