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CO₂ laser treatment for burn scars

Background Scars, of any type, can be a significant source of anxiety and psychological distress, not only for the affected patient, but also for close friends and loved ones. Scars represent focalised areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal skin...

How I Do It - Non-surgical approach to facial palsy – a preliminary case report

In October 2013, a female patient presented for an initial consultation. She had a past medical history of left lower seventh (facial) nerve palsy following excision of left benign parotid adenoma in 2002. This had been treated over the years,...

Can I quit the gym? Low level laser and body contouring

Is low level laser the answer for patients seeking a non-invasive method for body contouring? Balancing energy intake and energy expenditure is the healthiest and most sustainable means of weight loss and toning, but despite this, areas of local fat...

Management of ruptured breast implants

Breast augmentation is a widely sought-after cosmetic procedure and has empowered individuals seeking aesthetic enhancement or reconstruction following mastectomy for breast cancer. Amid its popularity, the occurrence of implant rupture stands as a critical concern, impacting both physical wellbeing and...

The use of intravenous tPA for the treatment of severe frostbite

Frostbite can lead to severe consequences to a patient, including loss of digits and limbs. It causes tissue injury by causing cell membrane damage through the formation of extracellular ice crystals and by causing vascular thrombosis. It is to reverse...

Nasal deformity following CPAP injury

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is commonly used as a non-invasive alternative to endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy, to provide respiratory support to very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500g) neonates. Nasal injury is a well recognised complication and figures quoted...

Free style facial artery perforator flaps for nasal reconstruction

This is an update from the team of authors that originally described the free style facial artery perforator flap, for one stage nasal reconstruction, in 2009. They now update after 10 years of experience with these freestyle facial artery perforator...

Free flap reconstruction in stage 3 bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis

There is no widely accepted gold standard for the treatments of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis (BRONJ). Whereas the lesser stages of this BRONJ seem to respond well to conservative and minimal invasive therapies there is controversy regarding the treatment of the later...

Complications of otoplasty

Otoplasty has a long history. Currently, two schools of thought predominate, which can be summarised as cartilage cutting and cartilage sparing techniques. The former includes removal of cartilage and the scoring of cartilage, whereas the latter involves contouring by placement...

Cheek augmentation from A to Z

An outline of facial assessment principles and anatomical considerations regarding augmenting the cheek and mid-face is explored. Background statistics are stated regarding the number of injectable procedures performed, referenced to American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) data, 2016. Attention...

Surgical management of refractory osteoradionecrosis

This is a French single-centre, 10-year experience of 55 surgical resection and reconstruction procedures. They claim an overall effectiveness rate of 92.3%. Thity-six segmental and 19 marginal mandibulectomies were performed. A variety of free flaps were used with soft tissue...

Lasers and the skin

Laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers have revolutionised the treatment of many skin conditions and are being used both in terms of a medical and an aesthetic context. Laser technology has been advancing...