You searched for "breathing"

1183 results found

Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 6) - Cosmetic surgery in Hong Kong

There is no formally recognised specialty of Cosmetic Surgery (and / or Medicine) in Hong Kong. Unsurprisingly, there are no formal training programs in cosmetic surgery or aesthetic medicine.

Teaching students head and neck anatomy through the art of drawing

The link, both historical and contemporary, between art and anatomy is apparent. A recent British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) documentary The Beauty of Anatomy showcased the impressive contributions of artists towards the deeper understanding of anatomy and, by default, surgical practice....

RCS England response to latest NHS waiting times data

The latest NHS consultant-led referral-to-treatment data shows that the total waiting list increased by 6,002 in October 2025, reaching 7.3 million. Analysis reveals the percentage of patients who began treatment within 18 weeks slightly decreased to 61.7%, indicating minimal progress...

How I Do It - Non-surgical blepharoplasty using Plasma Elite® technology

What is plasma? Plasma is produced when an electrical energy is charged or overheated, leading to a dissociation of molecular bonds and the production of a plasma arc. The arc delivers energy to the cell membrane, causing sublimation, changing a...

The uses of BTX-A in maxillofacial surgery

Botulinum toxin type A has many uses in maxillofacial surgery. This article will cover its uses in the treatment of Frey’s syndrome, myofascial pain, masseteric muscle hypertrophy and sialorrhoea. Other uses relevant to maxillofacial practice but not covered in this...

Durjoy – the Hong Kong story

I am appending this account to the previous article in order to illustrate how complex the reconstruction can be after an acid assault. Durjoy had acid poured into his mouth by his paternal aunt. It was a matter of inheritance....

Facial veins – diagnosis and treatment options

Facial veins can be treated with a wide range of aesthetic and surgical procedures. Victoria Smith and Professor Mark Whiteley, both experts in the area, provide a comprehensive overview of diagnosis and the different treatment options available. Patients with unwanted...

Medico-legal Forum (Botulinum/Laser)

The PMFA Journal and Hamilton Fraser Cosmetic Insurance have teamed up to provide a series of articles that will give examples of claims that occur from different procedures. In our February/March issue we featured a case that involved complications following...

Recognising the key tear trough ligaments

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The anatomical understanding of the periorbital ligaments is critical for mastering tear...

How I Do It - Body contouring

Unwanted fat, cellulite and skin flaccidity are three of the top reasons for consultation in aesthetic medical practices, with body remodeling treatments using non-invasive techniques increasingly in demand. The TightSculpting treatment with the Fotona SP Dynamis laser allows practitioners to...

All about velopharyngeal dysfunction

The velopharynx functionally separates the oral from the nasal cavities. Inadequate or abnormal function of this muscular valve affects speech and swallow. Velopharyngeal dysfunction can be subdivided into insufficiency, incompetence and mislearning. This is a review paper and indeed a...

Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) recovery after ORIF fractured mandible

Mandibular fractures are quite common facial injuries, but aetiology varies with country and age. Common treatment options are open reduction and internal fixation via an intra oral or extra oral incision. Nerve injury or dysfunction is often seen preoperatively and...