The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) articulates the mandible to the base of the skull. Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are a group of musculoskeletal syndromes affecting the TMJ and the supporting musculature. The muscles, bony articular surfaces and disc may all be...
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Human facial symmetry is a key determinant for assessing facial attractiveness, and...
Achieving flawless skin as part of the desire to be perceived as ‘beautiful’ is a common sentiment shared by many cultures [1]. Of the many treatment options and products available on the market, the most common chemical agent to achieve...
Anyone that has ever been on an advanced trauma life support (ATLS) or indeed any other trauma course will be well indoctrinated with the principles of airways, breathing and circulation (ABC). Securing the airway is of paramount importance; but what...
Some patients would like to alter the appearance of their nose without surgery or make further subtle changes after a rhinoplasty. Lydia Badia explains how this can be done, thanks to injectable fillers.
Total nasal reconstruction is a challenge for facial plastic surgeons. Although most cases can be handled with local flaps, a bad state of the perinasal soft tissues, such as patients with head and neck radiotherapy may preclude its use with...
The author discusses practical guidance for treating the lower face with botulinum toxin. Whilst Abobotulinumtoxin A and Onabotulinumtoxin A are discussed in relation to treating the lower face, Incobotulinum toxin A is not acknowledged, despite the available literature on the...
A detailed article exploring many aspects of IPL; the mode of action, the role in photorejuvenation, as well as a useful comparison as to how the scope of IPL compares to laser for similar purposes, with analogies as to how...
"Thread lifting” is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that is becoming increasingly popular internationally [1-3]. Threads are surgical sutures that can be utilised for facial and body contouring and rejuvenation. These sutures can be used for skin rejuvenation as bio-stimulators...
Dr Agolli from Italy advocates the use of filler to quickly and easily achieve a non-surgical rhinoplasty without downtime for the patient. Cultural basis It is believed that Dante Alighieri was not a handsome man, probably because of his appearance,...
Melasma is a hyperpigmentation disorder which has been the subject of intense research over the last 40 years. As yet no definitive therapeutic strategy has been demonstrated to eradicate it or to avoid relapse. The author provides an up to...