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How long should you wait for your adrenaline to work?

The authors present a prospective, randomised, triple-blind study to see how long it really takes to obtain the lowest cutaneous haemoglobin concentration after lignocaine with adrenaline injection. Twelve healthy volunteers were injected simultaneously in each arm with either plain 1%...

FNA in the diagnosis of malignant salivary gland tumours

Salivary gland tumours are relatively rare and occur with an incidence of 2.5-3% per 100,000 people. Histologically they are extremely diverse with several patterns; some of which overlap and exact diagnosis can be difficult. Indeed it can be difficult to...

The use of platelet-rich plasma in skin flap grafts

This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to stimulate angiogenesis following skin flaps graft surgery, and its effect on flap survival rate. The use of PRP to improve the quality of bone regeneration and...

Tissue engineered flaps

This article provides a thorough summary of the current techniques available in head and neck reconstruction. It details the challenge of restoration of form and function posed by the shape of the craniofacial skeleton and soft tissue. The introduction on...

­Plastic Surgery Volume 1: Principles

This volume thoroughly covers the basic principles of plastic surgery beginning with an overview of key developments as well as the innovative personalities and their contribution to the detailed history of this specialty. Whilst the next few chapters are principally...

Bioengineered human tissue

This is a literature review of the current status of tissue engineering related to ocular and oculoplastic reconstructive surgery. The authors describe the process of bioengineering for tissue reconstruction. The aim is to reproduce functional tissue by the use of...

Novasonix Medical combined knowledge and innovation to create TANIT

The TANIT device combines two innovative technologies to achieve the best results in cellulite and adipose tissue reduction, as well as tissue regeneration.

Vulvar rejuvenation

The author explores the concept of vulvar rejuvenation; an increasingly popular area of treatment within the non-surgical aesthetic sector, describing a number of clinical presentations and treatment modalities. Equally, the author acknowledges that surgical vaginal rejuvenation procedures are well established...

Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 16) – Aggravating factors

The Judge just cannot say, “Lee’s airway and oxygenation were not established or maintained”. This is nonsensical from the perspective of a person trained in medicine. Even more senseless from a person who is not. If Lee’s airway was not established and maintained, how did Lee survive a three-hour operation, albeit in the prone position and without developing any signs of cyanosis?

Polydioxanone thread-lifting

A poignant medical liability piece for aesthetic nurses undertaking polydioxanone (PDO) thread lifting. The author provides the clinical background, as well as the anatomical areas which may benefit from rejuvenation with PDO threads. There is some discussion surrounding comparison with...

Off-label cosmetic use of botulinum toxin in the lower face

Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) is commonly used as an off-label cosmetic modality to improve the ageing lower face and neck, and may be used as a single line treatment or in combination with other procedures, such as dermal fillers [1]....

Continuing personal development

“It is an interesting biological fact that all of us have, in our veins the exact same percentage of salt in our blood that exists in the ocean, and, therefore, we have salt in our blood, in our sweat, in...