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Debate: cannulas vs. needles - Cannulas

1 December 2014 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
The question whether a cannula or a needle should be chosen for filler injections does not have a straightforward answer. Injection techniques, as well as filler material, cannulas, needles, injection systems, etc. have to be used in a patient specific...

Treatment of photoaged skin with Nordlys® SWT® IPL and Matrix Pro® RF microneedling

4 December 2025 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Skin photoageing is a complex, multifactorial process influenced by both intrinsic ageing and chronic exposure to environmental factors; with ultraviolet radiation playing a significant role. Patients seeking improvement in photoaged skin (skin revitalisation) increasingly prefer minimally invasive treatments that enhance...

Combination therapy for PIH in skin of colour

3 October 2022 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is very common in skin of colour with up to 65% of African, Hispanic, and Asian populations experiencing symptoms from acne and up to 90% of patients experiencing symptoms from pseudofolliculitis barbae (PFB) [1,2]. PIH can be...

Malignant melanoma, stress and cosmetic surgery

18 February 2026 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Breast Surgery, PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
The epidemiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) continues to evolve [1]. Whilst there has been a small but steady increase in incidence of the tumour there has been a significant decrease in lethality. There are several reasons for this; public...

Laser tattoo removal: results and issues

1 August 2017 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine
The term tattoo indicates both the technique for pictorial decoration on a person’s body [1], and the decoration produced by such a technique. Studies show that in the United States around 5-6% of the general population, 13% of adolescents, 19-35%...

The impact of 21st century stressors and lifestyle factors on skin ageing

4 February 2025 | | PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine
Skin appearance and health play a significant role in everyone’s life and confidence, particularly in today’s 21st century lifestyle and the associated stressors promoting skin ageing. The skin is a dynamic organ, showing apparent signs of ageing and damage, which...

Emerging trends in the aesthetics of rhinoplasty: from local to global

1 February 2017 | | PMFA - Rhinoplasty
The concept of ‘beauty’ can be bewildering in its scope and variation through time and geographical location. As the aim of facial plastic surgery consists of restoration of form and function, the definition of beauty takes on immense importance. Although...

Plastic surgery and safety issues: a patient perspective

12 October 2021 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
Patient safety in the unregulated world of cosmetic plastic surgery is now an extremely serious global issue. The media is always ready to sensationalise disasters but what can be done to prevent them? One key issue is the concept of...

Perspectives on: Polyurethane covered breast implants

1 June 2014 | | PMFA - Breast Surgery
The manufacturer’s viewpoint: Myths, failures and the regulation of the modern breast implant. The modern day silicone breast implant industry was created with the Dow Corning prosthesis, first used in the USA in 1962. Since its introduction into the market...

Is there a role for retrobulbar hyaluronidase in hyaluronic acid vascular embolism related vision loss?

21 January 2021 | | PMFA - CPD, PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - Oculoplastic
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. How should vascular occlusions be managed? The authors review the evidence on...

Extracutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma with an occult primary?

4 February 2025 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from dermal neuroendocrine cells, first described by Toker in 1972 [1]. It is predominately seen in the head and neck region of older, white males and risk factors include...

The patient journey in DIEP flap breast reconstruction

1 August 2016 | | PMFA - Breast Surgery
In the UK approximately 40,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer every year. About 40% of these need, or choose, to undergo mastectomy, where all of the breast tissue is removed. Currently around a third of these patients choose to...