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HA dermal filler with lidocaine: initial clinical outcomes
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural occurring body polysaccharide essential for various body functions, present in connective tissues, skin, vitreous humour of eye, extracellular matrix, synovial fluid, etc [1]. It was first isolated in bovine vitreous by Mayer and Palmer...A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...The REAL Clinic: the sustainable building and running of a new clinic
Naveen Cavale is CEO and Consultant Plastic Surgeon at the REAL Clinic, a small clinic near the Battersea Power Station, South London. He has offered The PMFA Journal his insights into the setting up, and running, of a new hospital....Clitoral reconstructive surgery after female genital cutting
Female genital mutilation / cutting (FGM/C), aka female circumcision, is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “All procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons” [1]. Practised in Africa and other...Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 16) – Aggravating factors
The Judge just cannot say, “Lee’s airway and oxygenation were not established or maintained”. This is nonsensical from the perspective of a person trained in medicine. Even more senseless from a person who is not. If Lee’s airway was not established and maintained, how did Lee survive a three-hour operation, albeit in the prone position and without developing any signs of cyanosis?Non-surgical lip enhancement: systematic preoperative assessment
Detailed knowledge of the anatomy is important prior to any surgical or non-surgical intervention in this complex area. Dr Samizadeh takes us through her pre-procedure analysis. The most frequent location for faciaaestheticl volumising procedures is reported to be the lips...IMCAS 2014 – Location, Location, Location
When it comes to planning a major international conference, location is almost as important as the programme on offer. This was evident in IMCAS 2014 delegates’ stated reasons for attending the conference this year; while 32% stated they came for...
Headache relief and onabotulinumtoxinA injections
This is an evaluation of the treatment efficacy of cosmetic doses of onabotulinumtoxinA (approximately 15-50 units) on the frequency and severity of headaches in patients. This study is marred by its own self-admitted bias, and fault lines exist in the...
