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IMCAS Americas 2024

Uncover Innovation and Science IMCAS Americas ventures for the first time to Sao Paulo, Brazil for our 6th edition! Uncover the latest advancements in dermatology, plastic surgery, and ageing science, and explore the connections between beauty and science. Gathering in...

Extracutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma with an occult primary?

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from dermal neuroendocrine cells, first described by Toker in 1972 [1]. It is predominately seen in the head and neck region of older, white males and risk factors include...

Auricular reconstruction: flip-flop flap

Describing an approach to the straightforward and reliable flip-flop axial flap for reconstruction of the conchal bowl subunit of the auricle. The ‘flip-flop’ flap describes an axial subcutaneous island flap lying between the auricular sulcus and mastoid process. The flap...

Xanthelasma

Although the lesion known as Xanthelasma was first described by Addison and Gall in 1851 [1] it was recorded some 300 years previously in the famous painting of the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci. In this painting, Leonardo da...

The supraclavicular artery flap for head and neck reconstruction

Free tissue transfer has been manifested to be the primary reconstructive tool for major ablative defects of the head and neck. However, many patients are not good candidates for free tissue transfer because of their medical comorbidities or lack of...

How long should you wait for your adrenaline to work?

The authors present a prospective, randomised, triple-blind study to see how long it really takes to obtain the lowest cutaneous haemoglobin concentration after lignocaine with adrenaline injection. Twelve healthy volunteers were injected simultaneously in each arm with either plain 1%...

Improving the anatomical understanding of the causation of fine lines

An interesting piece which explores the current evidence of the factors that are thought to lead to facial ageing through fine lines. The author outlines a detailed discussion of the many intrinsic factors which can lead to the emergence of...

CD73 in aggressive basal cell carcinoma

This is a retrospective review looking at levels of CD73 in aggressive basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) that invade the orbit. Eleven patients who underwent orbital exenteration for invasion by BCCs were compared with 10 matched controls who had simple nodular...

The medial gastrocnemius flap

This classic muscle flap is now being used with increasing frequency following revision knee joint surgery. Following the Nahai and Mathes classification, the gastrocnemius muscle is a Type I muscle with a single dominant vascular pedicle (Figure 1). The gastrocnemius...

Malignant lesions and reconstruction of the pinna

External ear reconstruction can be challenging. Baskaran Ranganathan and Amr Abdelhamid describe how careful assessment, planning and surgery following the subunit principles and reconstructive ladder will ultimately lead to good aesthetic outcomes with restored form and function. The external ear,...

3D photography in facial rejuvenation

The term ageing is widely used to denote a series of changes that are clinically observed over time. Throughout the ageing process, the cell renewal capacity becomes slower. The fibroblast, which is the main cell of the dermis, undergoes a...

How I Do It - Auricular reconstruction: Helical advancement flap

As the incidence of cutaneous malignancy increases further due to both the ageing population and greater disease awareness, the demand for surgical resection within the high-risk regions of the face, including the pinna, is rising [1,2]. Approximately 50% of all...