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How I Do It - Body contouring - PAL-HD liposculpture in men and women

Both men and women seek to improve their physical appearance, contour their figure, and achieve results that cannot be always be obtained solely with diet and exercise. Therefore, liposuction is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures. Power-assisted liposuction (PAL)...

How I Do It - Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand: addressing the cosmetic and functional deficit using joint replacements

In his work Orthopaedia Nicholas Andry was one of the first to define the ideal hand, in terms of ideal proportions and appearance [1]. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, erosive inflammatory arthritis thought to affect approximately 1% of the...

­Immediate planned reconstruction following complex craniofacial reconstruction

The immediate reconstruction of 3-D craniofacial defects is extremely difficult and can be more difficult than the ablation. Perfect shape and symmetry is required. In the past decade this has largely improved with CAD/CAM engineering. The authors report a one-step...

How I Do It - Two-Point Eye Lift™: HA dermal fillers for infraorbital rejuvenation

The key to maintaining a youthful appearance is often found in restoring a well-defined periorbital area, characterised by healthy tissue volume (fullness) in the infraorbital region and a clear eyelid crease devoid of excess skin. The use of hyaluronic acid...

Rediscovering the Lost Art of Endonasal Rhinoplasty

The invention of modern rhinoplasty by Joseph transformed our understanding of nasal anatomy and surgery. His endonasal technique soon spread from Europe to the USA and dominated the surgical culture of the 20th century. The excessive removal nasal support structures...

Beautification or distortion? Tackling the lip augmentation phenomenon

The number of lip augmentation procedures performed continues to rise exponentially. The author provides a detailed discussion of the rise of this popular treatment with an overview of how injectable materials have evolved; from paraffin, liquid silicone and bovine collagen....

Emerging trends in the aesthetics of rhinoplasty: from local to global

The concept of ‘beauty’ can be bewildering in its scope and variation through time and geographical location. As the aim of facial plastic surgery consists of restoration of form and function, the definition of beauty takes on immense importance. Although...

How I Do It - Reduction ­thyroplasty

Introduction Male to female transgender patients often undergo reduction thyroplasty – a procedure to reduce the external appearance of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, and feminisation of the voice. Reduction thyroplasty, often erroneously called ‘tracheal shave’, is one of...

Subcutaneous botox

The authors of this paper performed a double blind, randomised, prospective trial on 19 patients receiving intramuscular botulinum toxin injections on one side of the forehead and subcutaneous injections on the other. Objective assessment of brow elevation and subjective self-evaluation...

Rejuvenation of the forehead: correction of the frontal concavity

During the ageing process, many different anatomical changes contribute to the aged appearance of the face [1]. Focusing on the forehead, typical age-related changes are regression of the hairline, solar damage, skin laxity, dynamic wrinkles, reduction of fat and bone...

Progressive peri-orbital swelling over three years: a rare complication of HA dermal filler injection treated successfully by hyaluronidase

The term ‘tear trough’ was first introduced by Flowers in 1969 to describe the deformity that leads to lower eyelid depression. It was proposed that the defect was due to a muscular defect between the angular head of the quadrates...

History of fat grafting

Fat grafting was first described in 1893 by Gustav Neuber, who transplanted adipose tissue from the arm to the orbit to correct depressed scars resulting from osteomyelitis. In 1895, Czerny reported excising a lipoma and grafting it into a breast...