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The principle of construction in teaching complex anatomy

3 October 2025 | | PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Hand & Wrist Surgery
The construction sequence in head and neck anatomy. The human body is anatomically complex, and this makes the teaching of human anatomy, at the outset, a tricky exercise. Add to this the fact that there are areas where the density...

Early treatment of scars with laser therapy

30 March 2022 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Wound healing is a complex process, made up of three phases that overlap with each other: inflammation, proliferation and remodelling [1]. The last phase is the remodelling of the extracellular matrix resulting in a mature scar; it lasts from three...

New IPL technology as treatment for melasma

12 October 2021 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Background Melasma is an acquired refractory pigmented skin disease. It is a complex multifactorial disorder and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, sun exposure, stress, medications, and pregnancy. Melasma is divided into three...

Case Study: Combination therapy with energy-based devices for improvement of facial photodamage, skin laxity and textural irregularities

5 June 2020 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Renowned dermatologist Michael Gold takes us through why combination therapies are becoming increasingly popular in facial rejuvenation. Combination therapies with energy-based devices (EBDs) have become very popular in cosmetic and aesthetic surgical circles. This applies to both the more invasive...

Treatment of rosacea using pulsed dye laser

1 December 2018 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Rosacea is a common chronic cutaneous inflammatory condition estimated to affect 415 million people worldwide [1]. It characteristically affects the central face and its primary features include flushing, non-transient erythema, telangiectasia and in progressive stages papules and pustules. Secondarily, it...

Skin dyspigmentation induced by triamcinolone injection treated with Nd:YAG picosecond laser in combination with polynucleotides

3 October 2024 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Non-surgical rhinoplasty is a popular cosmetic procedure that involves the use of injectable fillers to improve the shape of the nose without surgery. There are many different materials available on the market such as hyaluronic acid, collagen stimulators, etc. Silicone...

Combination treatment with PN-HPT® and croma revitalis®

2 June 2025 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
The rise in interest and demand from patient and medical practitioners in skin quality and associated regenerative treatment modalities continues [1]. Polynucleotides, specifically High-Purification Technology (PN-HPT®), are among some of the most popular regenerative medical treatment approaches [2]. The mode...

A review of plasma medicine

1 February 2019 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - Oculoplastic
The author investigates the efficacy and tolerability of plasma treatments and asks what the future might hold in this field. Plasma medicine, a new and revolutionary technology to aesthetics, utilises the physical process of sublimation for therapeutic purposes. Non-surgical clinical...

Factors influencing a career choice in plastic surgery as a UK medical student

1 June 2016 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
The medical school curriculum is increasingly focusing on the role of a general practitioner, which has resulted in medical students having reduced exposure to surgical specialties. There has been a longstanding concern that plastic surgery teaching and exposure in the...

The future and a summary of the past

1 August 2014 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
From liposuction to adipose stem cells; from regenerative medicine to tissue engineering; and a vision of the future. Part 3 Adipose stem cells There is a major clinical need for strategies that adequately reconstruct the soft tissue defects after deep...

Soft tissue augmentation – a review

5 February 2020 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
The author explains how treating the face as a 3D structure is key to a good result with invasive or non-invasive procedures. History Rejuvenation of the face and trying to reverse the effects of ageing dates back centuries. Facial volume...

Lips and the perioral area: anatomical considerations for safer and natural results

2 August 2023 | | PMFA - CPD, PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, including lip augmentation using hyaluronic acid dermal fillers,...