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Preferred upper / lower lip ratio and perception of naturally looking lips, a study across generations and genders

Introduction ‘Beauty is in the eye of the beholder’. Although it sounds true, most often some beauty patterns or preferences can be innate or intuitive [1]. When it comes to the ideal lips, how much of their features can be...

Classical facelift: a modern British perspective

It is clearly impossible to outline the whole of this subject matter in a short editorial article; many theses have been written in this field. This article is designed to give an overview to those reasonably familiar with this area...

Body contouring surgery following massive weight loss

There are many different perceptions about what defines the term ‘overweight’. The reality is however that, for many, being overweight is a condition that brings with it significant health and social problems. It is estimated that almost two thirds of...

The gender affirmation surgery MDT

The authors provide a comprehensive and thought-provoking discussion of the multidisciplinary nature of caring for someone undergoing gender reassignment surgery. In the last 50 years in the UK an estimated 130,000 people have changed their gender assigned at birth (assigned...

Preservation rhinoplasty

Hump reduction and osteotomies to close the open roof, or lowering the whole nasal dorsum? Charles East explains how preservation techniques can improve outcomes by maintaining the integral structures of the nose. What is preservation rhinoplasty? The origins of reduction...

An overview of chemical peel formulations

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Chemical peels continue to be one of the most popular aesthetic treatments....

The importance of nitric oxide in medicine

The harmful effects exerted upon living and injured tissues by free radicals have been explored since the 1980s. Now in 2021 the free radical nitric oxide (NO) is not just a figment of imagination; it is known as one of...

A new treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) [1] is defined as a collection of symptoms and signs mainly associated with the progressive decrease in oestrogen levels. The lack of hormones, usually produced by the ovaries in fertile age, may lead to genital...

Rejuvenation of the forehead: correction of the frontal concavity

During the ageing process, many different anatomical changes contribute to the aged appearance of the face [1]. Focusing on the forehead, typical age-related changes are regression of the hairline, solar damage, skin laxity, dynamic wrinkles, reduction of fat and bone...

Liposuction – the evolution of the classical technique

From liposuction to adipose stem cells; from regenerative medicine to tissue engineering; and a vision of the future. Part 1 The history of attempts to sculpture fat dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, but Professor Yves-Gerard Illouz...