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How I Do It - Contouring the lower jaw (surgical)
It is essential to clearly understand the patient’s needs so I usually see patients three to four times prior to operating if major changes to appearance are planned. You must also be able to manage expectations and postoperative outcomes; for...HA dermal filler with lidocaine: initial clinical outcomes
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural occurring body polysaccharide essential for various body functions, present in connective tissues, skin, vitreous humour of eye, extracellular matrix, synovial fluid, etc [1]. It was first isolated in bovine vitreous by Mayer and Palmer...How I Do It - Adipose tissue restoration in response to ageing
The ageing process in the face results in a gradual and continuous change, not only of the skin, but in all the underlying tissues, resulting in anatomical laxity and loss of volume. It is important to appreciate these soft tissue...A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...The principle of construction in teaching complex anatomy
The construction sequence in head and neck anatomy. The human body is anatomically complex, and this makes the teaching of human anatomy, at the outset, a tricky exercise. Add to this the fact that there are areas where the density...
Columellar strut in rhinoplasty
Several techniques are described to improve nasal tip shape; most of them include suture techniques or invisible grafts. In this article the author wants to put emphasis in the role of the columellar strut graft as a method to correct...
Postoperative antibiotics after a free flap surgery – is one dose enough?
Major head and neck surgery with ablation of oral cancer, neck dissection and free flap reconstruction is a well-established part of maxillofacial surgery. These patients however already have significant co-morbidities and together with a long operation, large wounds open for...Rediscovering the Lost Art of Endonasal Rhinoplasty
The invention of modern rhinoplasty by Joseph transformed our understanding of nasal anatomy and surgery. His endonasal technique soon spread from Europe to the USA and dominated the surgical culture of the 20th century. The excessive removal nasal support structures...
