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Modified anterior septal transplant

The authors describe an anterior septal graft technique, which consists of complete resection of the caudal septum and reconstruction with extended spreader grafts and a columellar strut, without a separate caudal septal replacement graft. This study was a retrospective case...

PD-1 and PD-L1 in exenteration specimens

This is an immunohistochemical study looking at variation in the expression of the programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) and the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), comparing cutaneous malignancies which invaded the orbit with uncomplicated nodular basal cell carcinomas. The authors retrospectively...

Post-treatment advice following botulinum toxin injections

The author gives a detailed review of the advice that is routinely offered to patients following treatment with botulinum toxin, as well as the available evidence to substantiate current recommendations. There is a detailed description of the mechanism of action...

Fixed or variable Muller’s muscle resection

This is a retrospective analysis of 60 patients who underwent posterior approach ptosis surgery utilising a Muller’s muscle resection. The study compares those who underwent a fixed resection length of 7mm of Muller’s muscle with those having a variable resection...

Soft tissue changes following maxillary osteotomy, comparison of three computer programmes

This small group of seven patients had a Le Fort I advancement maxillary osteotomy with vertical repositioning and alar base cinch sutures. They were assessed with cone beam CTs three months preoperatively and one year postoperatively. A clinical comparison between...

CD73 in aggressive basal cell carcinoma

This is a retrospective review looking at levels of CD73 in aggressive basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) that invade the orbit. Eleven patients who underwent orbital exenteration for invasion by BCCs were compared with 10 matched controls who had simple nodular...

Mastering the art of lip rejuvenation

The author presents a sound overview of some of the most prevalent non-surgical techniques used for lip rejuvenation, capturing the challenges in treating a complex anatomical region, as well as the attention required to the surrounding areas; nasolabial region and...

Dermal filler complications

The author presents a useful overview of some of the contributory factors for impending necrosis. It is important to note that compression may not always be due to excessive placement of product or placement within a vessel; the viscosity and...