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The impact of 21st century stressors and lifestyle factors on skin ageing

Skin appearance and health play a significant role in everyone’s life and confidence, particularly in today’s 21st century lifestyle and the associated stressors promoting skin ageing. The skin is a dynamic organ, showing apparent signs of ageing and damage, which...

Exosomes: everything you always wanted to know and questions to ask your exosome provider

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. What are exosomes? Exosomes are just one subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs),...

Chronic telogen effluvium reversal using E. coli-derived cytokines and growth factors: a case report

Chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) is a condition where there is prolonged increased hair shedding, primarily affecting middle-aged women. Its exact cause is often unknown. In CTE, many hair follicles enter the resting phase prematurely due to various reasons, leading to...

Cord lining mesenchymal stem cell exosomal proteins and their effects on hair follicles

Umbilical cord lining (UCL) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) produce proteins and growth factors that, when packaged into exosomes in fixed proportions, can stimulate repair and regeneration in recipient cells. The pleiotropic properties of UCL-MSC have been shown to be effective...

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) for depression: A review of the mechanism of action and its potential place as an adjuvant treatment

BoNT is becoming a recognised efficient treatment for depression, endorsed by several disciplines including psychiatry. Clare Amrani examines the potential mechanism of action and explores the appropriate place of BoNT in the therapeutic armamentarium for depression. How did BoNT become...

Management of masseter hypertrophy and bruxism with Botulinum Toxin A

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The squaring of the lower third of the face can be an...

Preferred upper / lower lip ratio and perception of naturally looking lips, a study across generations and genders

Introduction ‘Beauty is in the eye of the beholder’. Although it sounds true, most often some beauty patterns or preferences can be innate or intuitive [1]. When it comes to the ideal lips, how much of their features can be...