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Management of masseter hypertrophy and bruxism with Botulinum Toxin A

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The squaring of the lower third of the face can be an...

Medicinal leech therapy in plastic surgery

The medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) has played a role in treating illness for over 3500 years [1]. It has survived rapid paradigm shifts in medical sciences and knowledge. In Ancient Rome, the use of leeches for bloodletting was propagated by...

Temporomandibular disorders – a surgeon’s view

The temporomandibular joint is unique, in that it has a fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc and has a ginglyomo-arthrodial action. The disc is designed to allow for the gliding movement down the posterior slope of the articular eminence with little, if any,...

UK allergy crisis: deploy the ‘LIMED’ mnemonic

In response to the revelation that allergies now cost the NHS approximately £900 million pounds per year, Professor Frame and colleagues in Chelmsford explain why the mnemonic ‘LIED’ needs to be updated.

Breast reconstruction – techniques from a plastic surgery perspective

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Breast reconstruction following breast cancer surgery has positive physical and psychosocial health...

OPINION - Bridging the surgical and non-surgical: balancing dual careers of non-surgical aesthetics with oral & maxillofacial surgery specialist training

- OPINION - Oral & maxillofacial (OMF) surgery (OMFS) is a unique specialty requiring dual qualification in both medicine and dentistry and the scope of practice of an OMF surgeon in the UK is vast [1]. My early exposure to...

Global surgical crisis and Mercy Ships

History of Mercy Ships Mercy Ships began with Don and Deyon Stephens’ dream and an inspirational meeting with Mother Teresa. In 1978, their desire to create hospital ships that could deliver safe, free surgery to those around the world without...

The Challenge of Renaissance, not Reconstruction: the aftermath of an acid attack

What madness makes a human being perpetrate a crime that is so horrible, so evil that makes it a capital offense (in Bangladesh) even though the death involved is of a person who remains alive? The motivation behind an interpersonal...

Immediate versus delayed post mastectomy breast reconstruction

The authors review and analyse the current literature comparing the psychosocial outcomes of immediate versus delayed post mastectomy breast reconstruction. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women and has a lifetime incidence of one in nine. Mastectomy may...

A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...