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Botulinum toxin (BoNT) for depression: A review of the mechanism of action and its potential place as an adjuvant treatment
BoNT is becoming a recognised efficient treatment for depression, endorsed by several disciplines including psychiatry. Clare Amrani examines the potential mechanism of action and explores the appropriate place of BoNT in the therapeutic armamentarium for depression. How did BoNT become...Laser tattoo removal: results and issues
The term tattoo indicates both the technique for pictorial decoration on a person’s body [1], and the decoration produced by such a technique. Studies show that in the United States around 5-6% of the general population, 13% of adolescents, 19-35%...A Timeline of Plastic Surgery
Where did the name ‘plastic’ surgery come from? It is probable that the first use of the term was by the German von Graefe in his book Rhinoplastik published in 1818. The intention was to describe the moulding of tissue...
The Art of Aesthetic Surgery, Principles and Techniques, Third Edition
General review Immediately you sense a class act as the transparent cellophane membrane surrounding the book, beautifully adorned by the ‘Three Graces’ painting, is removed and the non-slip textured feel of the hard cover is exposed. This surface prevents the...OPINION - From ethics to commerce: challenges faced by cosmetic practice for 2025 and beyond
Cosmetic medicine and surgery have seen remarkable and ongoing increases in popularity, reflecting advancements in medical technology and evolving societal norms based on, for example, social media, cultural expectations, and globalisation of beauty standards. Unlike with other medical specialties, these...Temple restoration
The complex biological process of facial ageing engenders many structural changes that are influenced by the combined effects of gravity, bone resorption, soft tissue atrophy, displacement of fat and a complex synergy of textural skin changes [1]. One of the...Skin transition during the menopause
Menopause, which begins one year after the last period, can bring with it some noticeable changes to skin and hair. As hormone levels drop, skin can become dry, slack, less elastic and thin. It can also cause more facial hair...
The dynamic nature of orbital cavernous haemangiomas
This paper seeks to address the question of how much do orbital cavernous haemangiomas actually change over time, and if there are any identifiable factors which can predict which lesions will grow and which will remain stable. In particular, if...
Wide en bloc resection of lacrimal sac tumours
This is a retrospective review of the management and outcomes of 14 malignant tumours of the lacrimal sac. All patients were operated on jointly by an orbital surgeon and a head and neck surgeon. There is a detailed description of...
Effects of orbital decompression
This is a retrospective review of 319 orbital decompression operations in 169 patients (73% female) with thyroid eye disease. Three wall decompressions were performed in 92 eyes, 2-wall in 206 (medial and floor), and a single wall (medial) in 18,...
AlloDerm for correction of lower lid retraction
This is a retrospective review of 95 eyes of 54 patients undergoing orbital decompression for Graves’ orbitopathy. All patients had a swinging eyelid approach across the whole of the lower lid. Thirty-six eyes also had insertion of a 0.3mm thick...
