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The use of intravenous tPA for the treatment of severe frostbite

Frostbite can lead to severe consequences to a patient, including loss of digits and limbs. It causes tissue injury by causing cell membrane damage through the formation of extracellular ice crystals and by causing vascular thrombosis. It is to reverse...

A new free flap for the head and neck

Whilst the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) is well known and tested, this group of surgeons from Sunderland, UK, discuss their experience with a comparable flap. They advocate the medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAPF), with a long pedicle if...

Post auricular advancement flap for partial helix defect repair

Ear defects can be the result of trauma, burns or ablative surgery. The three dimensional structure of the pinna with its subunits presents a difficult reconstructive challenge as successful reconstruction requires both similar tissue cover and a supporting framework. Partial...

The importance of nitric oxide in medicine

The harmful effects exerted upon living and injured tissues by free radicals have been explored since the 1980s. Now in 2021 the free radical nitric oxide (NO) is not just a figment of imagination; it is known as one of...

Lateral crura reinforcement with the sandwich technique

Maintaining nasal tip structure and contour is an important goal during rhinoplasty surgery. Tip deformities can occur due to lateral crura malposition, trauma or sometimes due to excess of lateral crura triming during previous surgeries. The consequences of lateral crura...

Skin antisepsis and the prevention of infection: where tradition, science and guidelines collide

“…the quality of the studies was not good enough for the committee to make a strong recommendation for the choice of antiseptic preparation.” NICE Guidelines NG125 Skin preparation before an invasive procedure is a part of all surgical procedures and...

The role of maxillomandibular advancement surgery in obstructive sleep apnoea

Facial surgery for the correction of acquired or developmental skeletal and occlusal abnormalities has been practised within the scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) for several decades. OMFS surgeons have an understanding of the influence of skeletal movements on...

A practical guide to the most commonly used dressings in wound care

The author explores and reviews the most popular classes of dressings used for acute, chronic and problem wounds, their properties and indications based on direct observation and research studies. With an ever-increasing armamentarium of wound care tools, different brands and...

Topical phenytoin effect on pressure ulcers healing: A literature review of the evidence

A pressure ulcer (PU) is a localised injury to the skin and / or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, because of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear (EPUAP/ NPUAP 2009/PPPPIA 2014). Bennett et al. [1] claimed total...

The many uses of human amnion

Human amnion has been the focus of myth and superstition. To be born with the ‘caul’ intact was considered lucky and this was transferable, including legitimate selling e.g. caul amulets. In 1910 foetal membranes were first used for transplantation and...

Laser and light based hair removal

Laser hair removal is a popular, and constantly evolving, treatment. Professor Paolo Bonan and colleagues provide us with a comprehensive overview and some ‘top tips’ for how to make the procedure as safe and effective as possible. Hair removal, also...

In conversation with Rachna Murthy

We were delighted to catch up with Rachna Murthy, renowned Oculoplastic Surgeon, about her career and plans for the future. You are internationally recognised in the field of oculoplastic surgery – what led you into this specialty? Eyes are arresting...