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Neck rejuvenation: Combining botulinum toxin type A and hyaluronic acid booster

4 December 2025 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine
Ageing of the neck is multifactorial and often more challenging to treat than facial ageing. The dermis of the neck is thinner, containing less collagen and elastin, leading to reduced structural integrity and elasticity. Fewer sebaceous glands result in dry,...

Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 1)

31 May 2021 |
On the 8 December 2020, Justice Judianna Barnes sentenced Dr Mak Wan-ling to three and a half years in prison. The charge for which she was found guilty was gross negligence manslaughter (GNM). She had injected a contaminated blood sample into a patient and the patient had died. The conviction was fundamentally flawed.

How I Do It - Approaches to non-surgical face lifting

1 April 2018 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
PDO threads By Martyn King Polydioxanone or poly-p-dioxanone (PDO, PDS) is a colourless, crystalline, biodegradable polymer of multiple repeating ether-ester units and has been used in many disciplines of surgery as subcutaneous and cutaneous stitches for over 30 years. It...

Threads in rhinoplasty: to thread or not to thread?

3 October 2024 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Rhinoplasty
Polydioxanone (PDO) and poly-L-lactic / poly-caprolactone (PLL / PCL) threads are presently accessible for facial rejuvenation, and they enjoy significant popularity within aesthetic clinics worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia [1–3]. Often proposed as risk-free with minimal downtime, these threads now...

Wound moisture sensing in traumatic wounds

1 June 2015 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Wounds can be small and unpleasant, or may be large and life-threatening. The skin is a physical and an immunological barrier to infection, and any defect in the integrity of the skin may allow bacterial or fungal invasion to occur....

A study of chronic refractory tibia osteomyelitis treated with surgery and adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen

19 August 2020 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Introduction Chronic tibial osteomyelitis is a difficult problem to eradicate and often fails to respond to surgical treatment. Orthopaedic surgeons find it difficult to treat these infections which reside as a nidus in dead bone. There is always a risk...

Burnout: is this just a pandemic phenomenon?

1 June 2022 |
The phrase ‘burnout’ is often heard, but what is it, and what are the early warning signs? Importantly, how can it be prevented or managed? Over the last few years, health professional wellbeing, mental health, and burnout have come to...

Laser and light-based treatments for pigmented lesions

1 December 2017 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
The authors detail the types of lasers and light-based devices that can be used in the treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmentations. Skin colour differences have, for centuries, been associated with the economic, political and social status of a person;...

Stratifying preoperative risk in revision augmentation: the six Cs

1 February 2016 | | PMFA - Breast Surgery
Breast augmentation is the most frequently performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the UK [1], and with an increasing number of providers, plastic surgeons are managing revisions without information pertaining to the original procedure. Anticipating the features of successive generations of...

The future and a summary of the past

1 August 2014 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
From liposuction to adipose stem cells; from regenerative medicine to tissue engineering; and a vision of the future. Part 3 Adipose stem cells There is a major clinical need for strategies that adequately reconstruct the soft tissue defects after deep...

Sensitive cilia – eyelashes in health and disease

7 October 2020 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Oculoplastic
In health our eyelashes protect the eyes, but in disease they can disfigure, impair quality of life and threaten vision. In this review the authors discuss aspects of lashes that are relevant to all professionals working near the eyes and...

How I Do It - Otoplasty

1 February 2017 | | PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Otoplasty techniques to correct ear prominence can be broadly divided in two categories. Suturing techniques and scoring or weakening techniques. Suturing is the approach we prefer, due to more predictable results and less occurrence of non-correctable complications. Suturing techniques involve...