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Extracutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma with an occult primary?

4 February 2025 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from dermal neuroendocrine cells, first described by Toker in 1972 [1]. It is predominately seen in the head and neck region of older, white males and risk factors include...

How I Do It - Approaches to acne treatment: Pulsed-dye laser

1 August 2018 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease worldwide and inflammatory acne has significant psychological impact with potential for long-term emotional and physical sequelae [1]. Energy based treatments are useful both as adjuncts to traditional therapies and particularly for patients...

How I Do It - Using Nd:Yag laser for correction of vascular anomalies

14 November 2023 | | PMFA - Dermatology, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
Vascular anomalies are the most common lesions that can often lead to disfigurement of a child's appearance. Due to the complexity of diagnosis and individual specialists’ understanding of their pathological process, these young patients often undergo many unnecessary tests and...

Recognising the key tear trough ligaments

3 October 2022 | | PMFA - CPD, PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. The anatomical understanding of the periorbital ligaments is critical for mastering tear...

Tranexamic acid and platelet rich plasma in the treatment of melasma: efficacy and safety

6 April 2021 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - Dermatology
Melasma is a common, acquired, progressive, often symmetrical macular hypermelanosis that is usually localised on the face and more frequently on the forehead, upper lip, central and malar area of the face. It is triggered by a variety of factors,...

Laser tattoo removal: results and issues

1 August 2017 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine
The term tattoo indicates both the technique for pictorial decoration on a person’s body [1], and the decoration produced by such a technique. Studies show that in the United States around 5-6% of the general population, 13% of adolescents, 19-35%...

The medial gastrocnemius flap

1 April 2017 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
This classic muscle flap is now being used with increasing frequency following revision knee joint surgery. Following the Nahai and Mathes classification, the gastrocnemius muscle is a Type I muscle with a single dominant vascular pedicle (Figure 1). The gastrocnemius...

The three stages of breast reconstruction

1 October 2014 | | PMFA - Breast Surgery
Breast cancer has become so common that most people reading this article will know someone (either professionally or personally) who has been affected by breast cancer. One of the most common treatments for breast cancer is removal of the ‘whole’...

Combined procedures: lipo-abdominoplasty and lipo-inner thighplasty (string technique) and face rejuvenation

1 June 2014 | | PMFA - Aesthetic Medicine, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
From liposuction to adipose stem cells; from regenerative medicine to tissue engineering; and a vision of the future. Part 2 With the evolution of superficial suction lipectomy in the 1990’s the need for skin resection became less common and the...

Part four: Aye, Aye. AI?

9 April 2025 | | AI, clinical guidelines, good practice, technology, artificial intelligence, oncology, melanoma, cosmetic, aesthetic surgery
“Formal clinical guidelines would provide a structured, evidence-based approach to managing patients who have undergone melanoma treatment and are considering elective surgery. This would enhance patient safety, standardise care, and support informed decision-making. Given the increasing prevalence of melanoma and...

A Timeline of Plastic Surgery

1 October 2013 | | PMFA - Facial Plastic Surgery, PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
Where did the name ‘plastic’ surgery come from? It is probable that the first use of the term was by the German von Graefe in his book Rhinoplastik published in 1818. The intention was to describe the moulding of tissue...

Burns care in India: unique and continuing challenges

1 August 2018 | | PMFA - General Plastic Surgery
The author interviews Dr Shobha Chamania, Chief of Choithram Hospital Burn Unit, to obtain an insight into the unique challenges burns care practitioners face in India. Choithram Hospital Burn Unit is an Interburns accredited training centre located in Indore City,...