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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...How I Do It - Treating the lower face with HA fillers in elderly patients
Facial rejuvenation treatment of the lower third of the face with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in elderly patients can result in the development of fibrous tissue especially after several procedures have been performed. Many patients present with concerns over the...Thread lifting – the fundamentals
"Thread lifting” is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure that is becoming increasingly popular internationally [1-3]. Threads are surgical sutures that can be utilised for facial and body contouring and rejuvenation. These sutures can be used for skin rejuvenation as bio-stimulators...What’s new in treating hypertrophic scars and keloids?
World renowned dermatologist, Michael H Gold, explains new treatments available in the challenging field of hypertrophic scar and keloid management. The treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids remains one of the most challenging conditions that dermatologists face on a regular...Face to Face – facial reconstructive surgery mission in Ukraine
Photo featuring Ivanna Nebor, MD, Vitaliy Panchenko, MD, Manoj Abraham, MD, John Frodel, MD, Augustine Moscatello, MD, Gregoriy Mashkevich, MD, Bruce Moskowitz, MD, Ryan Winters, MD, Boris Chernobilski, MD, Mykola Syniuk, MD, Serhiy Spivak, MD. In April 2023, a group...
Bone grafting in orthognathic surgery
This is a systematic review from Belgium and Saudi Arabia of 48 articles. They reviewed the complication, stability, aesthetics and healing of Le Fort I, sagittal split, chin and zygomatic osteotomies. They concluded that there was strong evidence that bone...Cryolipolysis: a review of published clinical data
Definition: Cryolipolysis is derived from the greek language, describing ‘cold’ and ‘fat breakdown’. History The actual phenomenon of cold induced adipocyte necrosis was originally described by Epstein et al. in 1970 who had reported the presence of a “red indurated...Temple restoration
The complex biological process of facial ageing engenders many structural changes that are influenced by the combined effects of gravity, bone resorption, soft tissue atrophy, displacement of fat and a complex synergy of textural skin changes [1]. One of the...Clitoral reconstructive surgery after female genital cutting
Female genital mutilation / cutting (FGM/C), aka female circumcision, is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “All procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons” [1]. Practised in Africa and other...
Skin with different forms of radio frequency
The authors present a comprehensive and critical discussion of radio frequency technology with detailed descriptions of unipolar, monopolar, bipolar, multipolar as well as fractionated microneedling technologies, supported by some examples of current devices. Critical discussion is provided concerning the literature...
