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A short overview of the evolution of botulinum toxin type A formulations
Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum [1]. BoNT-A has been used for various therapeutic and aesthetic purposes, including the treatment of muscle disorders, chronic pain and facial wrinkles [2-4]. Over the...Stratifying preoperative risk in revision augmentation: the six Cs
Breast augmentation is the most frequently performed cosmetic surgical procedure in the UK [1], and with an increasing number of providers, plastic surgeons are managing revisions without information pertaining to the original procedure. Anticipating the features of successive generations of...Contrasting contemporary plastic surgery training with that in the late 20th century: ‘thirteen years a slave’
The Past Was I a slave? Absolutely not. I loved every minute of my training. I had the choice of career pathway as a young surgeon, but I was hypnotised by enthusiasm and a desire to help people with major...
Allergic eyelid dermatitis
This is a retrospective 12 year review of 61 patients diagnosed with periocular allergic dermatitis. The average age was 66 years, with 74% being female. The commonest indications for referral were epiphora, ectropion and blepharitis; and the main symptoms were...
Microtia and Atresia – Combined Approach by Plastic and Otologic Surgery
In this textbook Kaga and Asato, both leading experts in otology and plastic surgery respectively, present over 10 years of their experience in joint reconstructive surgery for microtia and auricular atresia, combining autologous auricular reconstruction with external auricular canaloplasty and...Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 23b) – Timelines
Timelines are very important but how reliable are they? Of course, it depends on the source(s) of the data on which they are based.The impact of 21st century stressors and lifestyle factors on skin ageing
Skin appearance and health play a significant role in everyone’s life and confidence, particularly in today’s 21st century lifestyle and the associated stressors promoting skin ageing. The skin is a dynamic organ, showing apparent signs of ageing and damage, which...Gross Negligence Manslaughter in Healthcare: The medico-legal dilemma (part 6) - Cosmetic surgery in Hong Kong
There is no formally recognised specialty of Cosmetic Surgery (and / or Medicine) in Hong Kong. Unsurprisingly, there are no formal training programs in cosmetic surgery or aesthetic medicine.
Dermal filler complications
The author presents a useful overview of some of the contributory factors for impending necrosis. It is important to note that compression may not always be due to excessive placement of product or placement within a vessel; the viscosity and...
