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Longevity of lip augmentation with SMAS
Lip augmentation is an extremely popular cosmetic procedure. Various surgical techniques have been described. However, only a few studies have specifically addressed lip augmentation with superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). Postoperative analysis never extended beyond one year so far. The authors...
Lower facial rejuvenation
The author outlines the anatomical changes of the lower face in meticulous detail, supported by current literature, and accurately describes the senescent skeletal and deep fat compartment changes of the mid face and how these can impact on the presentation...
Submental island flap to reconstruct the lower lip
The lips are necessary for oral competence, cosmesis, speech and feeding. Non melanoma cancers can affect the lips, and the lower lips are about 80% more likely to be affected. A large number of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas....
A modification of the crescentic flap for nasal skin reconstruction
Non melanoma skin cancers are the most frequent malignant skin tumours and in over 25% of cases affect the nose. Following excision, the reconstruction can be challenging. The nasal complex has adjacent concave and convex surfaces, minimal laxity and nasal...
Impact of lateral crural repositioning on alar rim position
Cephalic orientation of the lower lateral cartilages results in tip fullness, a bulbous tip, and alar instability during inspiration. It has an incidence of approximately 68% in primary and 87% in secondary rhinoplasty patients. Paquet et al. performed the first,...
Facial asymmetry in patients with deviated noses
Rhinoplasty of a deviated nose is known to be a challenge of its own kind, especially when patients presenting with a deviated nose are unaware of their underlying facial asymmetry. Patients with a successfully straightened nose, continue to perceive their...
Skin grafts vs local flaps in reconstruction of nasal defects
Nasal defects commonly are a result of removal of skin lesions. Cosmetic outcomes of local flap reconstructions are commonly accepted to be superior in comparison to skin grafts. However, local flap reconstructions require more adjunctive procedures than single-stage operations based...
Facial nerve injuries in fixing mandibular condylar fractures
The commonest fracture of the mandible is reported in the region of the condyle. Untreated this can lead to shortening of the ramus, facial asymmetry, arthrosis of the temporomandibular joint, impaired mastication and speech. The standard treatment is open reduction...
Semi dynamic reconstruction of the lower lip
The main goal of reconstructive surgery for facial paralysis is the restoration of smiling and function of eye closure. The deformity of the lower lip in paralysis is ptosis of the corner of the mouth, eversion of the vermillion and...
Lipofilling for scar improvement
Since Coleman et al. in 1991 reported on lipofilling, numerous applications have been reported; these include but are not limited to contour restoration, lip augmentation and wrinkle therapy. There have also been some one-off reports of improvements in scars following...
One stage nasal reconstruction with local flaps
This is an excellent and authoritative review of an often difficult and controversial clinical subject. Because of increased education and earlier diagnosis of skin tumours, surgeons are being presented with an increasing number of defects with limited size and depth....
